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- According to Rebbenu Bachya, the word "Sapir" in the verse Exodus 28:20 means "Sapphire" and was the stone on the Ephod representing the tribe of Issachar. However, this is disputed as the sapphire of the Bible was likely lapis lazuli (Texas Natural Science Center, 2006).
- Supernatural powers were attributed to gems in India. One way this was manifested was the interdependence between gems and planets. Ruby, associated with the Sun, was the Lord of Gems, for the Sun lorded over all the planets. Blue sapphire is associated with Saturn (Wojtilla, 1973), yellow sapphire with Jupiter.
- Blue sapphires were first discovered in the Padar region of Kashmir in the 1880s, allegedly where a landslip had uncovered their occurrence. Kashmir stones were in most cases exceptionally fine quality. Stones from Madagascar are very often described to look like Kashmir quality.
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